Internal-combustion engine.



C. H. SERGBANT.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION FILED 00T.8, 1907. 9?3,140 Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 1.

INVENTUR WITNESSES:

c. H. SERGEANT.

INTERNAL GOMBUSTION ENGINE.

APPLICATION PII-EI) 00T.8, 1907.

Patented Oct. 18, 1910.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

Q'zsymo,

tails of construction CHARLES E. SERGEANT, QF BBIDGEYOIRT, CONNECTICUT.

INTERNAL-CGMIB'USTIGN ENGNE.

starac.

Specicaticn of Letters Batent.

Patented (Pct. 13, 1913.

Application filed October 3, 1907. Serial No. 396,377.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, CHARLES H. SER- cnAN'r, a citizen of the United States of America, county of Fairfield, State of Connecticut, have invented certain new and useful Im provements in Internal-Combustion Engines, of which the following is a specification, reference being had to the accompany ing drawings, forming a part thereof.

My invention relates to improvements in internal combustion engines, and particularly to internal combustion engines of the two-cycle type, in which a power stroke is produced in each cylinder for each revolution ofthe engine.

My invention relates specifically to improvements in means for admitting and distributing fuel in the cylinder, and has for its object the sages after the engine has been brought to.

rest, whereby to prevent their becoming choked and clogged, and in certain novel deand combinations of parts as will hereinafter be more fully set forth.

In order that my invention may be thoroughly understood, l will now proceed to describe an embodiment thereof, having reference to the accompanying drawings, and

' device.

\ said device.

will then point out the novel features in claims.

ln the drawings: Figure 1 is a' view in central vertical transverse section of an engine containing an embodiment of my invention. Fig. 2 is a View in central vertical longitudinal section of the same. Fig. 3 is an'enlargeddetail view in central vertical transverse section of the upper part of the cylinder, showing particularly the fuel feeding and distributing device. Fig. 4L is a view in horizontal section through the said Fig. 5 is a View in transverse vertical section through the distributer, the planel of section being taken substantially upon the line m-w of Fig. 3 and looking in the direction of the point of su port of the Fig. 6 is a simi ar sectional view upon the same line but looking in the opposite direction. Fig. 7- is a. view in and a resident of Bridgeport,

better distribution of the fuel, ,whereby combustion thereof upon ignition i transversev section through `the distributer upon substantially the plane of the line 'Z--7 o Fig. a. The engine in general comprisesa cylinder 10, a piston 11 mounted to reciprocate therein, a crank shaft 12, and a connecting rod 13, said connecting rod pivoted at one end to the cranked portion 14 of the shaft 12, and at the" other end to a pivot pin l15 secured to the piston. The cranked portion 14. of the crank shaft is arranged within a closed crank casing 16, and the crank shaft 12 vvcarries the usual balance y-wheel 17.

The cylinder 10 comprises an inner shell 18, which constitutes the cylinder proper, and an outer shell 19 which forms a jacket for the said cylinder, and serves to inclose aspace 20 for Water or other cooling medium. The cylinder is provided with an air inlet passage 21, which penetrates the cylinder at two points 22 and 23. Ports are formed at these points, the port 22 serving to admit air from the crank casin 16 into the passage 21, and the ort 23 to discharge saine into the upper end) of the cylinder 18. The cylinder is also provided at a point substantially opposite the port 23, with an eX- haust ort 24, through which the products of com ustion are finally discharged.

At its lower end the piston is completely open into the crank casing 16, whereby air admitted into the crank casing will pass yfreely up into the said piston. The piston is then provided with two ports 29, which register with the port 22 at the moment the piston is at the lowermost portion of its stroke. Jkt this time, therefore, there will be free communica-tion between the crank casing and through the assage 21. The piston is further provide with a circumferential groove 30 which constitutes an oil ring, said circumferential groove arranged to register at times with an oil inlet 31 with which the cylinder is provided. A conduit 32 leads from the groove 30 to the pivot pin 15 for the connecting rod, and the said pivot pin is provided with adpassa e 33 in communication with the sai con uit 32, which passage leads to the interiorof the pin so as to form a means for lubricating the pivotal connection between the connecting rod 13 and the said pin.

Air is prefere ly admitted to the crank the upper end of the cylinder casing 16 by means of a positively loperated rotary air valve 34, said valve being mounted in a valve casing 35 arranged at the side of the crankcasin and the said valve arranged to be .rotate through gearing herein comprising a spur-gear 36 mounted upon a stem of the valve 35, and a pinion 37 mounted upon the crank shaft 12.

The engine 1s provided with a fuel pum 38, the casing of which is secured to the cy f index: 10 near the lowerend thereof. The said pump includes a plunger 39, the lower endof which ,rests upon an anti-friction roller 40 carried by a cam following member 41. The said cam following member being provided with another anti-friction roller 43, which is adapted to be operated byv a cam 44 secured upon the hub of the iiy= wheel 17, orsome other part secured to, and adapted to rotate with, the crank shaft l2. When permitted to do so, the cam follower will rest with its roller 43 upon the lcam 44, under the influence of a spring 45, which normally presses the plunger down upon the said cam follower. The pump is connected to a suitable source of oil supply, and, at each strokedischarges a certaln amount of oil past the discharge valve 46 along the pipe 47 to the oil fitting 48 and thence to the upper end of the cyhnder.

The oil fitting 48 comprises a member which is fitted to an opening through the wall of the cylinder 10 at the upper end and which penetrates from the exterior to the interior thereof, a check valve 53 being carried by said fitting, and a union 54 is provided to connect the upper end of the oil pipe 47 therewith. An inlet port or passage 55 leads through the fitting to the interior of the cylinder, the said inletf'port or passage being carefully arranged so that the discharge end thereof is the highest of any point between itself and thel ump, whereb there can by no possibility any airloc therein, as so often happens in inlet passages where there is some point therein higher than the discharge point. The oil fitting is provided with a cap piece 56 at the inner side thereof, said cap piece being removably secured thereto as by screws 57. Between the cap piece 56 andthe inner face of the coil fitting 48 there is provided a removable washer 60 in which there is a fine orifice which forms a nozzle through which the fuel is injected. This washer may be removed and replaced when desired, whereby different Washers having various sized holes may be employed according to the fuel used. A so secured to lthe inner face of the oil fitting 48, and projecting radially within the cylinder, is a device which I herein term a distributer. This distributer comprises a stem 58 constructed in the form of a shallow trou h, and a dash plate 59 secured to the said stem or trough at the end thereof farthest away from the oil fitting, said dash plate beino arranged at Substan-A tially right angles thereto, though preferably at an angle slightly greater than ninety degrees. The distributer 58 may be conveniently secured to the oil fitting 48 by means of a screw 67, as is shown in detail, Fig. 3, said screw being tapped intothe oil fitting and provided vwith a shank upon which the said trough orstem is mounted and to which it is conveniently fastened by means of a set screw 68. rlfhe distributer is further provided with a wind shield 69 formed as an extension of one of the walls of the trough, said wind shield being ar'- ranged in a line with the currents of'air as they enter throughJ the air inlet ports 23, whereby the said wind shield will serve to prevent deflection of the injected stream of fuel through the orifice in the washer 60. The said wind shield is preferably cut away, as at 75, in proximity to the dash plate 59, or, in other words, does not extend quite as far as the said dash plate, while, upon the opposite side, the wall of t-he trough is preferably raised somewhat at this point, as shown at 74 in the drawings, the top level of the raised portion-74 and the level of the cut away portion 75 being about on the level of the center of the dash plate 59.

It will be noted that the distributer is of slightly smaller size in cross section than the opening in the wall of the cylinder to w'hlch the oil fitting 48 is tted. The distrlbuter may hence be withdrawn through the sa1d opening, and it will be noticed that the en-. tire oil fitting, together with the distrlbuter, may be readlly removed by merely dlsconnecting the union 54 and releasing the bolts or other securing devices which are employed for fastening the said oil fitting 1n position.

The operation of the englne 1s as follows: During a down stroke air will be shghtly compressed in the crank casing 16, so that when, at the completion of the down stroke, the piston ports 29 come into register with the port 22 in the cylinder, such air, partially compressed, will rush through the passage 21 into the upper end of the cylinder to charge same. meantime, have been partially discharged through the exhaust port 24, and the inrushing fresh air will complete the discharge by dri-ving out the exhaust gases ahead of it. It will be noted that the head 25 of the piston 11 is provided with directs the incoming air up toward the top of the cylinder and revents the same from flowing toward the ischarge port 24. The upper end of the with clean fresh air, the said a1r will be compressed by the piston during its 11p-stroke, and it may herem be noted that the head of the cylinder is provided with a dome or bulb The spent gases will, in the a detlectorl which y etereo 62 to which heat may be applied when initially starting up the engine, but which will be kept hot while the engine is running, the heat thereof being suicient to ignitev infiammahle gases when brought in contact therewitha As the piston rises, and at somewhere about half stroke more or less, the pump begins to operate, being acted upon by the cam 44;, This will inject fuel into the cylinder through the small discharge orifice in the oil fitting whence it will. be directed towardy the dash plate 59. lThe dash plate will have the effect of spraying the oil, the said spray beingy directed outwardly and upwardly, the

troughacting to prevent the saine from being directed downwardly toward the piston head'. ln the operation of lthe engine the distributor will become very hot, so that any oil which falls into the trough will be immediately vaporized, the va or thus evolved rising with the spray an mingling in the most approved fashion with the airo ln the furtherA upward movement of the piston some of the mixed oil and air will be forced up in a compressed condition into the hot bulb 62., The result of this will bel that, finally, just as the piston gets to the topmost portion of its stroke, the mixture will be ignitedand power will be generated to `forc the piston downward. Duringv the upward movement of the piston the air valve 34 will have been. opened, and air will have been taken into the crank casing ready for a fresh charge, but, directly the piston reaches the highestJ point in its stroke, the air valve will have been so rotated as to have closed the cranlr casing, so that, in the downward .stroke of the piston, air will be prevented from escaping from the crank .casing and will therefore be compressed therein..

ln actual ractice l have found the distributer herein shown and described, in combination with the oil fitting havin an ejector orice, to be an exceedingly l cient device for distributing, atomizingl and vaporizing the oil, so that it becomes intimatelyA mingled with the air in the cylinder, whereby com lete, perfect and rapid combustion takes p ace. This not only tendsto greatly increase the eliiciency of an en ine of this character, but also prevents t e cylinder from fouling,

To prevent the passage-55 from clogging u after the engine has stop ed,l have provlded a` relief valve in the crm of a screw fitted to the oil fitting in a recess 7 lconnected with thev said passa e 55, said screw having a discharge groove 2, the said screw being provided with a hand piece 73 bv which it can be conveniently manipulateds After thc supply' of lfuel has been discontinted for the purpose of stopping the en,- gine, the hand piece 73 may be turned, say a quarter of a' turn, thereby opening the discharge groove 'Z2 to the atmosphere. The

ported by lcompressed air in the main cylinder will then cause all oil contained in the passage 55. above the valve 53 to be discharged through the said groove, whereby, upon first starting up the engine, the said passage will always be clean and clear.

lt may be noted that the present'amilication is in part a divisional of a co-pending application Serial No. 345,204, filed Nov. 26th, 19%,'and that certain features shown herein, but not claimed in this application, are claimed in said co-pending application.

lWhat l claim is:

1. In aninternal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder and a fuel pump therefor, of a litt-ing secured tothe upper end of the' cylinder andconnected with thedischargeside of the said pump, said fitting provided with a detachable washer havin a reduced hole forming a nozzle, and a ash plate arranged at a point Aopposite the said nozzle.

2. ln an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and a fuel pump, of' a removable fitting secured to the upper end of the cylinder and penetrating one ofthe side walls thereof, said fitting provided' with a discharge opening therethrough, an extension arranged to project within the cylinder, and a dash platesupsaid extension within the cylinder and in aline with, the said discharge opening, the space betweenthe discharge openin and the dash plate being Open to the cy inder, whereby a stream of liquid fuel will bedirected upon the said dash late, and by it sprayed radially.

3. n an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and a lfuel pump therefor, of a fitting secured to the upper end thereof and penetratin one wall, said fittin connected to the disc arge side of the fue?n pump and havin a port or passage leading to within the cy inder, and pro- Vi ed with a check valve, acap piece removopposite,

aloly secured to the inner face thereof, a

detachable washer with a reduced hole forming a nozzle, located between the said cap piece and the inner face of the said fitting, a, stem extending from the fitting radially within the cylinder, and a dash plate sup- 4 'ported by the said steniina line with the said nozzle.

e. in an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and a fuel pump, of a fitting secured -to theV cylinder near the u per end and to which the discharge of t e pump is connected, said fitting provided with a discharge opening therethrough and havin an open trough-shaped extension beneath t e said opening arranged to project within the cylinder, and a dash plate supported by said trough-shaped er.- tension within the cylinder` opposite to, and in line with, the said discharge opening,

'Check valve, the opening being located between the check the said dash plate presenting a plane' face toward the said opening, and at substantially right angles thereto.

5. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and a fuel pump. therefor, of a ttingsecured to the upper end of the cylinder and connected with the ldischarge side of the said pump, and having a discharge opening therethrough, said fitting provided with 'a dash plate arranged at a point opposite the said discharge opening, and presenting a plane face toward the said opening, at substantially right angles thereto, and with a lateral wind shield between the said discharge opening and the said dash plate.

6. In an internalv combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder, of fuel injecting means including an oil tting hav-l ing a passage therethrough in communi-- cation with the cylinder, and a drain opening in communication 'with the said passage,

a connection from thesaid passage to a source of liquid fuel supply, and means for.

controlling the said `drain opening, whereby the said fitting maybe drained through the said opening, by means of Huid under ressure in the engine, under the control of the last said means.

7. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and a v fuel pump, of a. fitting secured to the cylinder near the upper end and to which the discharge of the pump is`connected, said fit-ting provided with a passage into the cylinder, and with a drain opening, and having a said passage and drain pump, of a tting'secured to the cylinder 10. In an internal combustion engine, the

combination with a cylinder andV a fuel pump, of a fitting secured to the cylinder near t-he upper end and to which the-discharge of the pump is connected, said fitting provided with a discharge opening therethrough and having a trough-shaped extension beneath the said opening arranged to project within the cylinder, and a dash plate supported by said trough-shaped extension within the cylinder opposite to, and in a line with, the said discharge opening, one of the Walls of the trough-shaped portion being extended upward to form a lateral Wind shield forthe jet, bet-Ween the discharge opening and the dash plate, the upper edge of t-he Walls of the extension, in proximity to the dash plate, being substantially upon the level of the center of said dash plate.

l1. In an internal combustion engine, the combination with a cylinder and a fuel pump therefor, of a fitting connected with the fuel pump and secured to the upper end of the cvlinder and penetrating one of the side Walls thereof, the said ttino having a nozzle for injecting a stream of liquid into the cylinder, and provided with a dash plate so supported thereby with respect to the nozzle within the cylinder that the liquid discharged by the nozzle will impinge against the dash plate and be radially sprayed thereby. i

CHARLES H. SERGEANT.

Witnesses D. HOWARD HAYWooD, LEO FLA'roN. 

